如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包括localhost
发布时间：2022-01-12 13:42:01 所属栏目：MySql教程 来源：互联网
导读：这篇文章主要介绍如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost，在日常操作中，相信很多人在如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%
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这篇文章主要介绍“如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！ 1 前言 操作MySQL的时候发现，有时只建了%的账号，可以通过localhost连接，有时候却不可以，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波 2 两种连接方法 这里说的两种连接方法指是执行mysql命令时，-h参数填的是localhost还是IP, 两种连接方式的区别如下 -h 参数为 localhost 当-h参数为localhost的时候，实际上是使用socket连接的（默认连接方式）, 实例如下 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket 从Current user可以看到用户是xx@localhost, 连接方式为Localhost via UNIX socket Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 从Current user可以看到用户是xx@127.0.0.1, 连接方式为TCP/IP 3 不同版本的差别 测试方法就是看能不能连接，如果不想看测试过程可以拉到最后看结论 3.1 MySQL 8.0 创建用户 mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) 使用 localhost 登录 [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ... 使用 IP 登录 [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h227.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP 结果显示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost 3.2 MySQL 5.7 创建 % 用户 db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 使用 localhost 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket .... 使用 IP 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h227.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ... 结果显示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost 3.3 MySQL 5.6 创建用户 db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 使用 localhost 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES) 使用 IP 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h227.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... -------------- 结果显示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost 3.4 MySQL 5.1 创建用户 mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.1.73 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 使用 localhost 登录 [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES) 使用 IP 登录 [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h227.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP 结果显示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost 3.5 MariaDB 10.3 创建用户 db83-3306>>select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) 使用 localhost 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES) 使用 IP 登录 [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h227.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP 结果显示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost 4 结论 版本 用户中的%是否包括localhost MySQL8.0 包括 MySQL5.7 包括 MySQL5.6 不包括 MySQL5.1 不包括 MariaDB 10.3 不包括 到此，关于“如何理解MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！ （编辑：52站长网） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
